Titanium Chemical Composition
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What is the chemical composition of titanium? Titanium is a metal that contains a mixture of titanium and other chemical elements. Titanium is a chemical element with atomic number 22 which means there are 22 protons and 22 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for titanium is Ti.
Pure titanium and titanium alloys are commonly defined by their grades defined by ASTM Internation standard. In general, there are almost 40 grades of titanium and titanium alloys. The following is an overview of the most common grades of pure titanium and titanium alloys, their chemical composition.
Titanium Chemical Requirements
| Element | Composition, % | ||||||
| Grade 1 | Grade 2 | Grade 3 | Grade 5 | Grade 7 | Grade 9 | Grade 12 | |
| Nitrogen, max | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| Carbon, max | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 |
| Hydrogen, max | 0.015 | 0.015 | 0.015 | 0.015 | 0.015 | 0.015 | 0.015 |
| Iron, max | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.40 | 0.30 | 0.25 | 0.30 |
| Oxygen, max | 0.18 | 0.25 | 0.35 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.15 | 0.25 |
| Aluminum | 5.5~6.75 | 2.5~3.5 | |||||
| Vanadium | 3.5~4.5 | 2.0~3.0 | |||||
| Palladium | 0.12~0.25 | ||||||
| Molybdenum | 0.2~0.4 | ||||||
| Nickel | 0.6~0.9 | ||||||
| Residuals, max each | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Residuals, max total | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
| Titanium | balance | balance | balance | balance | balance | balance | balanc |
Grade 5 Titanium is the most commonly used alloy and it is an alpha + beta alloy. Grade 5 alloy accounts for 50% of total titanium usage the world over. It has a chemical composition of 6% aluminum, 4% vanadium, 0.25% (maximum) iron, 0.2% (maximum) oxygen, and the remainder titanium. Generally, Ti-6Al-4V is used in applications up to 400 degrees Celsius. It has a density of roughly 4420 kg/m3. It is significantly stronger than commercially pure titanium (grades 1-4) due to its possibility to be heat treated. This grade is an excellent combination of strength, corrosion resistance, weld and fabricability.
Titanium is essentially free from corrosion worries, and recyclable. It is an environment friendly metal that is harmonious to humans and the Earth’s ecology.
Titanium has excellent corrosion resistance. In fact, it is far superior to stainless steel in most circumstances, and the corrosion resistance to sea water is equal to that platinum.
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